Holidays January 23
Day of St. Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa
According to historical data, it is known that Basil is listed as the elder brother of St. Gregory, who was named Bishop of Nyssa. Gregory was born during the Arian dispute. Despite this, the guy received a good education and began to teach eloquence. In 372, not without the fate of St. Basil, he became Bishop of Nyssa, this event took place in Cappadonia. Eight years later, Gregory became the main figure in the Ecumenical Council, and his convocation took place in Constantinople. His main task is to fight against the faith of Macedonia, because he completely incorrectly taught people about the essence of the Holy Spirit. It was then that Gregory proposes to make some additions to the Nicene Creed. After a couple of years, Gregory again takes an active part in the Council, where he makes a speech about God. Many times he came to Constantinople, and once he was instructed to utter a tombstone about Plakiel, the deceased queen. In 394, St. Gregory spoke at the Local Council all in Constantinople, convened the Council in order to decide the affairs of the Arabian church. Gregory of Nyssa was remembered by people as an ardent defender of various dogmas of Orthodoxy, and as a worthy teacher of his parishioners. He felt compassion for them, always protecting them before the judges. Gregory became famous among people as a magnanimous, patient and peaceful person, these qualities he showed in relation to the people who surrounded him.
January 23 on the national calendar
Gregory - the time index
This holiday was named in memory of St. Gregory the Theologian. It is known that he lived his life in the fourth century in Capadonia, he was one of the Church Fathers. Gregory got the name Leto-Index because on that day, it was possible to predict what the coming summer would be, whether it would rain in the summer or whether it would be dry. People noticed that if haystacks are covered with hoarfrost on this day, then summer is likely to be damp. If the south wind blew, then you need to expect a lot of thunderstorms. There were sayings that related specifically to the weather on that day. If the trees are in hoarfrost, then the sky will be blue, young rye blooms in the rain. "
Historical events of January 23
January 23, 2001 protest self-immolation in Beijing
The protest rally held on January 23, 2001, by fanatics of the Falun Gong sect, the organization’s activity was strictly prohibited by the Chinese authorities, as it was regarded as anti-state. Five members of the Falun Gong organization, arriving at the main square in Beijing, Tiananmen doused themselves with gas and set on fire. As a result of the incident, 2 people were killed, three were seriously burned. In 2009, three more members of the Falun Gong sect tried to repeat the self-immolation action, but were saved. The aim of the protests by Falun Gong practitioners was to repress the Chinese authorities against this sectarian organization. However, the policy of the Chinese authorities is incomprehensible to ordinary members of the Falun Gong organization, because this is a religious direction, there is nothing preaching that could threaten the statehood of China. The main principles of the sect are: respect for all living beings on Earth and the ban on their killing, spiritual enlightenment and enlightenment, the organization also preaches world peace and patience with other faiths and races. Since the founding of the organization, millions of Chinese have enrolled in its members, striving to follow the principles of truth, kindness and patience. After terrible sacrifices made by members of the Falun Gong sect, a number of foreign media outlets distributed videos of these incidents around the world. Some video materials were taken from the body of Chinese media reports, others are presented by satellite and reconnaissance data. The most tragic story presented by foreign media was the personnel screening of the death of a Chinese woman, Falun Gong activist. Which was brutally killed by a blow to the head with an iron rod. The Chinese military committed this crime. At the same time, Chinese media reported that the woman died from burns. The world community sharply condemned the barbaric actions of the Chinese authorities.
January 23, 1960 set a record of deep diving to the bottom of the Mariana Trench
The interest of mankind in the depths of the ocean comes from ancient times. The first pioneer in the study of the seabed was Alexander the Great, who tried to plunge into the seabed in a glass vessel. Diving equipment was invented much later. But the first prototype of a diving apparatus was the bell created by Halley without a bottom. Only one person could fit in such a peculiar diving apparatus, air was supplied to the bell through a glass tube. The most famous and relatively full-fledged diving suit was the A. Zibe apparatus. It consisted of metal parts and an iron helmet. Since 1837, A. Zibe’s diving suit has undergone significant changes and, to this day, this underwater vehicle is used, it allows divers to work at great depths, up to 60 meters. A huge contribution to the study of the depths of the oceans was made by the outstanding scientist Jacques Yves Cousteau. Together with engineer E. Ganyan, Cousteau created a modern-style scuba gear that allowed divers to work under water without any special restrictions. However, no matter how strong and reliable the diving suit was, at the depths of more than 60 meters, it could not work, this was prevented by high water pressure. Then the scientists began to develop underwater deep-sea vehicles, which could plunge to depths of more than 100 and more meters. The first deep-sea dive was the experience of researchers O. Burton and W. Beeb, who were able to lower their bathysphere to a depth of 425 meters. A record-breaking deep-sea dive was the descent of the Trieste bathyscaphe, to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. The instruments recorded a record depth of 11,521 meters. At the bottom of the gutter, scientists discovered a deep-sea life.
January 23, 1556 in China, the largest earthquake in terms of casualties
The disaster occurred in Shaanxi province, which is located in the center of China. The geological specificity of the province is not the stability of tectonic plates, that is, there are signs of tectonic fault in this area, all of which can provoke the occurrence of earthquakes. According to medieval sources, on January 23, 1556, a geological and tectonic shift led to the collapse of the slopes of the mountain elevations, as a result of which huge mountain masses fell into the valley, where about a million people lived. In an instant, about a million Chinese were buried alive. The earthquake was the most catastrophic in terms of both the number of victims and the strength of the tremors, which resulted in the collapse of entire mountain ranges. The worst thing is that at the epicenter, the earthquake ended up in a densely populated region of the country, as a result, the number of victims was enormous. Only about 40% of the provincial population survived. In addition, a large number of victims contributed to the fact that the earthquake occurred early in the morning, when most of the province's inhabitants slept in their homes. Fortunately, the tragic record of the world's largest geological disaster has not yet been broken. Nowadays, scientists have learned, in most cases, to warn of an impending earthquake. In 1974, thanks to the functioning of seismic stations, it was possible to warn the population in advance of an impending disaster, as a result of which tens of thousands of residents were saved.
January 23, 1895 Norwegian expedition is the first in the world to set foot on the coast of Antarctica
The first to see the icy continent were members of a Russian scientific expedition, they approached the shores of Antarctica on January 27, 1821, commanded the southern campaign, F.F. Bellingshausen. This day was the greatest date in the history of the 19th century, because then the hitherto unknown continent was discovered - Antarctica. However, due to powerful drifting glaciers, the expedition was not able to approach directly to the shore. Landing on the coast of Antarctica occurred several decades later. The first people to land on the shores of Antarctica were Norwegians. It happened on the 23rd of January, 1895. The captain of the Norwegian ship, Christensen, was the first to set foot on the new continent, followed by several passengers. There were several scientists among the passengers, they collected samples of minerals and lichens, and a jellyfish was caught from the water. Another miracle that the Norwegians saw in Antarctica was the aurora. A few years later, the Norwegians returned to the ice continent as part of a large expedition and intended to declare new lands as a colony of Holland. But as it turned out later, in economic and resource terms, Antarctica is not of great value to humanity, because it is covered all year round with huge ice masses and even in summer the air temperature rarely rises above 0 °. Now in Antarctica there are only scientific stations of a temporary settlement. The temperature in the center of Antarctica reaches 80 °, and sometimes even higher, the thickness of the ice in the center of the continent reaches several kilometers.
January 23, 1849 for the first time a woman received a doctor’s diploma
Nowadays, more women work in medicine than men. But this was not always the case, before, only men were engaged in the medical profession, all that women could count on was to be nurses in hospitals and hospitals. The first woman to become officially a doctor was Elizabeth Blackwell, who received a diploma in her specialty. Elizabeth was born in England, but at the age of ten, her family left Britain and left for the USA. After the death of their parents, Elizabeth and her sisters organized a small family business. For a long time, Elizabeth studied medical science, privately, read many books, and also listened to free lectures by Dr. S. Dixon. Later, Elizabeth tried to enter medical universities and schools in the United States. But all educational institutions repelled the girl, due to the fact that women were not accepted into medical schools of that time. Then the girl went to Europe, to Switzerland, where she was accepted to study at the Geneva Medical College. And even then, the reception took place on the basis of a draw, college students were offered to decide for themselves the fate of the girl, and they voted for her admission to college. Elizabeth decided to prove that she was no worse than student guys and became the best student on the course. In addition, she graduated with honors from an educational institution. After training, the girl came across a string of bureaucratic obstacles, but still received a doctor’s diploma. In 1857, Elizabeth returned to New York and, despite the obstacles posed to her, founded a gynecological clinic. Subsequently, Elizabeth founded a number of medical schools and colleges.
Born on January 23
Alexander Inshakov (1947 ...) Russian actor and stuntman
Inshakov was born on January 23, 1947 in Moscow, in a teacher's family. He graduated from high school and immediately began to work at the VTUZ plant, where he worked as a mechanic. Soon he entered and successfully graduated from the pedagogical institute, the faculty of physical education. He began to work as a judo and physical fitness coach. In the 70s he received the day of the black belt in karate. Thanks to his instructor Sturmin, Inshakov got into the cinema. His first films, where he starred in episodic roles, did not have much success. For twenty years of rejected work at Mosfilm, as a stunt performer and director of complex stunts, he simultaneously starred in very famous films. The actor duplicated in the stunts of famous artists Yarmolnik, Abdulov and others. Inshakov also played in several historical films. Recently, the actor and stuntman tries himself in the role of producer and director. He is the author of several particularly complex and unique tricks. He was repeatedly invited to work as a stuntman at well-known studios in the USA and Europe. In 1991, Inshakov founded the Russian Stuntmen Association and became its leader.
Grigory Alexandrov (1903-1983) Soviet director, actor, screenwriter
Grigory Alexandrov (Mormonenko), born on January 23, 1903 in Yekaterinburg, in a working class family. From the age of nine he began to work as a courier in the city opera house. Having matured a little, he was accepted to the position of assistant to the requisite, then he works as a theater electrician, later he is appointed assistant to the chief director. He soon graduated from directors' courses at the Workers' and Peasants' Theater and after that he was appointed head instructor of the arts department. Since 1921, Aleksandrov is an actor of the Moscow proletarian theater. In these years, Gregory met with the outstanding director Eisenstein. Together they manage to stage a number of famous performances. Which innovatively use stunt numbers. In the future, Alexandrov helps Eisenstein to put his brilliant paintings "Strike" and "Battleship Potemkin." In films, Alexandrov takes part as an actor. In the early 30s, Alexandrov and Eisenstein were trained in the United States, where they learn from their Hollywood colleagues. In 1932, when visiting Mexico, they put the picture "Long live Mexico!", However, the film is not fully developed until the end. In 1934, the famous films of Aleksandrov were released in which Leonid Utesov and Lyubov Orlova participated. Stalin liked the films very much, and this opened up a great creative path for the young director. In Alexandrov’s films, all famous songs were sung by Lyubov Orlova and soon the whole Soviet country began to sing them. In the 80s, the director made his last film, a documentary about Lyubov Orlova.
Pitirim Sorokin (1889 -1968) Russian and American sociologist
Born in the village of Turia in the Vologda province, he spent all his childhood in his native village. In 1909 he entered the Psychoneurological Institute, founded by academician Bekhterev. However, he soon realized that medicine was not his calling and moved to the faculty of law of St. Petersburg University. In his student years, he began to write books on legal subjects. At the same time he participated in revolutionary events, for which he was even arrested for 15 days. After the Bolshevik revolution, sociologists in Russia were given special attention. From 1919 to 1922, Sorokin was the head of the Department of Sociology at Petrograd University. However, he did not accept communist ideas, for which he was expelled from Russia in 1922. At first he was in poverty, a little later he began to work as a tutor at the Russian diaspora in the Czech Republic. In 1923 he was invited to lecture in the United States. Sorokin gave his first theoretical lectures at the Higher Schools of Illinois and Wisconsin. Soon, he was offered to take a professorship at the University of Minnesota. In the last years of his life, Sorokin, was engaged in scientific and teaching activities, gave many public lectures. Published a huge number of scientific books.
Stendhal (1783-1842), French writer
The future writer was born on January 23 in France, in a family of lawyers. The boy lost his mother early, his aunt was mainly engaged in aunt Serafi and his father. However, the boy did not develop relations with his relatives. With Henry's warmth and love, only his grandfather Gagnon belonged. At 13, the guy went to school. The boy showed great talent in the study of mathematics, which greatly pleased his teachers. To further study mathematics, Stendhal went to Paris.But political passion was in full swing in Paris, Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in the country. Stendel completely plunged into political events and completely forgot about his studies. A year later, he receives the rank of second lieutenant and goes to Italy. In Italy, Stendel really liked it, he began to consider this country as his second homeland. In Italy, he writes his first and most outstanding novel, Racine and Shakespeare. The book is written in the style of acute psychological and social realism. He writes a lot of romance novels and short stories. In his works, he raises social and moral aspects, criticizes the false principles of honor and ambition. Also in his novels you can see the writer's desire for democratic principles of building a state.
Auguste Montferrand (1786-1858), Russian architect
Auguste de Montferrand was born in Paris on January 23, in the estate of Chaillot. In 1806 he began to study at the prestigious Royal School of Architecture, but due to periodic service in the army, he constantly interrupted his studies. He worked in the main architectural department of Paris. During the visit of the Russian emperor to Paris, Montferrand showed the tsar his projects. Alexander liked the work of the young architect and he was invited to Russia. In the new country, he will create the greatest architectural structures and glorify his name forever. His first project was St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, during his construction the architect used many innovations: lifting mechanisms, steel frame parts, gilding of domes, air heating equipment. After the death of Alexander I, Auguste erects the famous Alexander Column, which perpetuated the memory of the emperor. The column was perfectly combined with the palace ensemble. In St. Petersburg, the famous architect erected many palaces and estates. A number of his architectural solutions were applied in Moscow, in particular, he raised the tsar’s bell from the ground and set it on an honorary pedestal. Auguste died in 1858, he bequeathed to bury himself in St. Isaac's Cathedral, but Tsar Alexander II did not allow this. Then the widow of the architect took his body to Paris, where he was buried.
January 23rd
Anatoly, Gregory, Pavel, Makar
